Kaspa has set a brand new benchmark for proof-of-work (PoW) networks. On September 17, 2025, its mainnet processed a peak of 3,585 transactions per second (TPS). That determine makes Kaspa the fastest-known PoW blockchain for dwell transaction throughput.
https://t.co/oAtw2n1yQL pic.twitter.com/YQi7I9ugY8
— Kaspa (@kaspaunchained) September 18, 2025
The milestone coincided with a file 1.92 million transactions on a single day, surpassing Kaspa’s earlier excessive and outpacing the each day totals of Bitcoin and Ethereum mainnets. A Kaspa neighborhood member summed up the temper: “No different PoW crypto is doing this!”
Transaction Quantity Surge on Kaspa Community
The spike in TPS got here with a surge in each day exercise. On September 14:
- Transactions processed: 1,918,960
- Day-over-day improve: about 134% from 821,000 on September 13
- Energetic addresses: greater than 500,000
Kaspa’s complete outpaced Dogecoin (~75,000 each day transactions) and Ethereum Basic (~24,000), although Bitcoin (579,000) and Ethereum (1.63M) nonetheless posted robust figures. Ethereum’s layer-2 networks added tens of millions extra, with Base recording heightened use throughout the identical week.
The rise hyperlinks again to Kaspa’s Crescendo hardfork, which raised throughput earlier in 2025. Community screens present that the improve supported each greater transaction volumes and wider adoption, together with assessments with KRC-20 tokens—Kaspa’s inscription-style belongings.
Transaction prices remained under $0.001, far cheaper than Ethereum’s common charge of $0.47 on the time. That makes Kaspa environment friendly for routine funds and high-volume transfers.
Surpassing Bitcoin By means of BlockDAG and Crescendo
Kaspa’s energy lies in its blockDAG structure, a directed acyclic graph that helps parallel block creation. This technique contrasts with the linear chains of Bitcoin and Ethereum, the place just one block will be added at a time.
Key particulars from September 14:
- Blocks processed: ~1.4 million parallel blocks
- Bitcoin comparability: 914,695 cumulative blocks since launch
- Block fee: 10 per second (up from one per second after Crescendo)
Finality on Kaspa happens inside seconds, not minutes. That is achieved by ordering blocks by means of a topological kind, guaranteeing that conflicting transactions are resolved shortly.
Proof-of-Work Consensus and Emission Particulars
Kaspa has retained proof-of-work safety whereas scaling velocity. Its consensus makes use of the kHeavyHash algorithm, designed to withstand memory-bound assaults.
By mid-September 2025:
- Complete provide mined: 26.69 billion KAS
- Max provide: 28.7 billion KAS
- Proportion mined: 93%
- Subsequent halving: October 4, 2025 (reward drops from 4.37 KAS to 4.12 KAS)
Emission follows a stock-to-flow (S2F) mannequin, the place Kaspa’s S2F ratio will quickly surpass that of silver. Whereas S2F signifies shortage, it doesn’t predict value. Analysts as an alternative level to inactive provide metrics, which present KAS being held long-term as a retailer of worth.
Inactive provide in Kaspa has grown constantly, with excessive statistical reliability. Researchers argue this pattern suggests each decentralization and resistance to manipulation, positioning Kaspa as a dependable PoW asset.
vProgs Yellow Paper: Off-Chain Computation with ZK Proofs
On September 11, 2025, Kaspa launched the primary draft of its vProgs Yellow Paper. This framework introduces verifiable applications (vProgs), which permit off-chain computations secured by zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs and anchored to Kaspa’s Layer 1.
Core Options of vProgs
- Proof Stitching: Combines proofs throughout apps into one Layer 1 submission.
- Conditional Batches: Teams associated transactions to decrease proving prices.
- Computation DAG: Tracks dependencies between apps, avoiding overload.
- Useful resource Metering: Applies a Layer 2 gasoline mannequin and ScopeGas for cross-app exercise.
- Privateness: Helps encrypted states and confidential apps utilizing ZK proofs.
The system goals to let builders construct decentralized purposes whereas preserving Kaspa’s quick block manufacturing charges.
Background on Kaspa’s BlockDAG
Kaspa’s structure is constructed on GHOSTDAG, developed by Yonatan Sompolinsky. It extends Bitcoin’s Nakamoto consensus to permit excessive block charges with out compromising safety.
Kaspa launched in 2021 with out enterprise capital funding. As a substitute, it adopted a good launch mannequin, counting on neighborhood improvement. Its tokenomics are simple: miners safe the community and earn KAS by means of rewards and transaction charges.
Kaspa right this moment serves primarily as a base-layer settlement community. Its key makes use of embrace:
- Funds and transfers with low charges
- Knowledge settlement with KRC-20 inscriptions
- Plans for decentralized purposes through vProgs
The community’s progress is mirrored in each transaction counts and inactive provide, pointing to rising adoption and confidence in its design.
Conclusion
Kaspa’s file of 3,585 TPS on mainnet marks a turning level for proof-of-work scalability. With practically two million each day transactions, sub-cent charges, and a blockDAG structure supporting parallel throughput, Kaspa demonstrates that PoW networks can compete on each velocity and effectivity.
The introduction of vProgs extends its roadmap, permitting for off-chain computation whereas maintaining validation safe on Layer 1. Mixed with dependable inactive provide progress and emission nearing its cap, Kaspa continues to ascertain itself as a quick, scalable, and technically resilient proof-of-work blockchain.
Sources:
Kaspa X platform: https://x.com/kaspaunchained
Kaspa TPS information: https://www.kaspalytics.com/app/transactions/accepted/tps/max
Kaspa Know-how overview: https://kaspa.org/expertise/
Kaspa Explorer: https://explorer.kaspa.org/
vProgs Yellow Paper Draft v0.0.1: https://github.com/kaspanet/analysis/blob/predominant/vProgs/vProgs_yellow_paper.pdf
